Analysis of clinical features of ophthalmic and cerebral artery occlusion after facial cosmetic injection / 中华眼底病杂志

Objective To observe the clinical characteristics of ophthalmic and cerebral artery occlusion after facial cosmetic injection.Methods A retrospective case study. Twenty patients (20 eyes) with ophthalmic and cerebral artery occlusion in Department of Ophtalmology, The Fourth Hospital of Xi'an from February 2014 to December 2016 were enrolled in this study. There were 2 males (2 eyes) and 18 females (18 eyes). They aged from 21 to 41 years, with the mean age of 29.8±1.4 years. The disease courses was ranged from 3.5 hours to 21 days, with the mean of 40 hours. Facial cosmetic injections of all patients were performed at out-of-hospital beauty institutions. The visual impairment was associated with eyelid pain 1 to 10 minutes after injection.There were 12 right eyes and 8 left eyes.The injection materials, 18 patients were hyaluronic acid and 2 patients were autologous fat, respectively. At the injection site, 13 patients were sacral, 4 patients were nasal, and 3 patients were frontal. The concentration and dose of the injected filler were not known. All patients underwent vision, slit lamp microscope, fundus color photography, visual field, FFA, OCT, and brain CT, magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) examination.Results The visual acuity was ranged from no light perception to 1.0. Among the 20 eyes, 3 eyes (15％) were obstructed by simple ophthalmic artery; 5 eyes (25％) were obstructed by ophthalmic artery combined with cerebral artery; 7 eyes (35％) were obstructed by simple retinal artery occlusion (RAO) alone, which including central RAO (CRAO, 4 eyes), hemi-lateral artery obstruction (1 eye) and branch RAO (2 eyes); 1 eye (5％) was CRAO with ciliary artery branch obstruction; 1 eye (5％) was branch artery occlusion with ischemic optic neuropathy; 2 eyes (10％) were CRAO with nasal dorsal artery occlusion; 1 eye (5％) was CRAO, posterior ciliary artery obstruction and right middle cerebral artery occlusion. Among 20 patients, 4 patients (20％) had eye movement disorder and eyelid skin bun; 2 patients (10％) had facial pain and nasal skin ischemic necrosis. MRA revealed 6 patients (30％) of new intracranial ischemic lesions. Among them, 5 patients of hyaluronic acid injection showed asymptomatic small blood vessel embolization; 1 patient of autologous fat injection showed ophthalmary artery occlusion, cerebral artery occlusion, ipsilateral eye blindness, eye movement disorder and contralateral limb hemiplegia.Conclusion Facial cosmetic injection can cause severe iatrogenic complications such as RAO, ciliary artery occlusion, ischemic optic neuropathy, ophthalmic artery occlusion, and cerebral artery occlusion.

Application of codon optimization strategy in heterologous protein expression / 生物工程学报

Enzymes are widely used in medical and biopharmaceuticals. They can be used not only for various disease treatments, but also clinical diagnosis. The use of microorganisms to express heterologous proteins has become the easiest and fastest way to obtain enzymes. In order to obtain high concentration and high-quality heterologous proteins, a common method is codon optimization of gene sequences. The traditional codon optimization strategy is mainly based on codon bias and GC content, ignoring complex and varied factors such as translational dynamics and metabolic levels. We provide here comprehensive codon optimization strategy based on gene level, transcriptional level, translational level, post-translational level and metabolic level, mainly including codon bias, codon harmonization, codon sensitivity, adjustment of gene sequence structure and some other influencing factors. We also summarize the aspects of strategy content, theoretical support and application. Besides, the advantages and disadvantages of each strategy are also systematically compared, providing an all-round, multi-level and multi-selection optimization strategy for heterogeneous protein expression, and also providing references for the enzyme industry and biopharmaceuticals.

Expression and significance of MMP-2,MMP-3 and MMP-9 in the gastric carcinoma / 局解手术学杂志

Objecitive The research was in order to explore the roles of MMP-2,MMP-3 and MMP 9 which played in the gastric cancer cell metastasis,and make a further study of the clinical signifance.Methods Both SGC-7901 and GES-1 were cultured in vivo.The migra-tion were examined by Wound-healing and the Transwell assay.The expression of MMP-2,MMP-3 and MMP 9 in the medium were detected by ELISA.The positive rate of MMP-3 in the gastric cancer,gastritis and normal was used the IHC,and the serum of MMP-2,MMP-3 and MMP-9 were also examined by ELISA.Results Both Wound-healing and Transwell assay showed that the migration of SGC-7901 cells was more quicker than the GES-1.Comparing to GES-1,the MMP-2,MMP-3 and MMP-9 were higher in the SGC-7901.The immunohistochemical results showed that the positive rate of MMP-3 in the gastric cancer patients was 84.4%,it was higher than the latter.The serum levels of MMP-2 MMP-3 and MMP-9 were also significantly higher than others.Conclusion The migration of gastric cancer cells was depended on the MMP-2,MMP-3 and MMP-9.The 3 proteins can be used for the diagnosis of gastric cancer patients,and it also avail to make the judgment the prognosis of patients with gastric carcinoma.